Exploring the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and comorbid heart disease in Americans with mood disorders: a cross-sectional nationwide study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and comorbid heart disease in adult inpatients with mood disorders (depressive and bipolar disorders). Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out employing the nationwide inpatient dataset, which encompassed 910,561 adult inpatients aged 18 to 50 years diagnosed with depressive and bipolar disorders. Additionally, the sample was categorized based on the presence of comorbid heart disease. We utilized a logistic regression model to assess the odds ratio (OR), pertaining to demographic features and coexisting medical conditions in relation to comorbid heart disease. Results: Comorbid heart disease was present in 1.3% of inpatients with mood disorders; they were middle-aged (mean age 42.7 years) men and White individuals. Inpatients with depressive disorder had a higher risk of comorbid heart disease (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15-1.24) compared to those with bipolar disorders. Inpatients with comorbid heart disease had a higher prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 2.3% in mood disorders but higher in those with comorbid heart disease (2.9%). Vitamin D deficiency showed a notable correlation with comorbid heart disease, resulting in a 26% increased risk in the unadjusted regression model (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.40). However, after accounting for potential confounding factors, including comorbidities, the risk did not exhibit statistical significance (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.97-1.21). Among psychiatric comorbidities, trauma-related (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.28) and tobacco-related (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.26-1.37) disorders had a higher risk of association with comorbid heart disease. Conclusion: Middle-aged men with depressive disorders and from low-income families had a higher risk of developing comorbid heart disease. Trauma-related and tobacco-related disorders were associated with an increased risk by 20-30% for comorbid heart disease in inpatients with mood disorders. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with the risk of comorbid heart disease after controlling demographics and comorbid cardiovascular risk factors.

The Trilemma of Today's Aging Population in the Time of Pandemic: A Case Study of Pre-existing Psychiatric Illness and Cognitive Deficits, COVID-19, and Further Cognitive Decline.

Care for geriatric patients can be difficult due to the complex nature of age-related comorbidities, multiple medications, and cognitive decline; this hardship multiplies when psychiatric illness or dementia are present and often exacerbates existing issues. Millions of lives have been lost in the COVID pandemic, and it has also severely harmed our collective mental health and cognition. The elderly population has felt that this impact the greatest as they are at the highest risk of isolation, cognitive inactivity, loneliness, and depression, all of which are risk factors for dementia. Studies associate loneliness with a 40% increase in the risk of dementia; thus, this pandemic and resulting isolation have likely caused an increase in cognition loss of the elderly. Furthermore, there is a documented bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and psychiatric illness, both of which increase the likelihood of the other and are associated with worsening mental cognition. We present a case series of two patients with pre-existing psychiatric illness and cognitive decline, both exacerbated by COVID-19 infection, causing further decline in cognition.

Mania and psychosis associated with right parietal meningioma.

Objective: Meningioma is the most common type of primary central nervous system and intracranial tumor, and psychiatric changes attributed to meningioma include depression, apathy, psychosis, and personality changes. We present a case of a 59-year-old man with right parietal meningioma who developed mania with psychotic features throughout multiple hospitalizations. Method: Single-case report. Results: The patient originally presented with headache and bilateral lower extremity weakness. He was found to have a large medial sphenoidal wing meningioma and a small right parietal meningioma. The sphenoidal wing meningioma was removed via craniotomy, but the right parietal meningioma was not resected. In the following years, the patient developed symptoms of mania and psychosis which coincided with an increase in size of the right parietal meningioma. Conclusions: Previous studies have linked right parietal meningioma to psychosis, but this case is one of the first to suggest that right parietal meningioma may be associated with the development of mania along with psychotic features.